Today I received two pieces of work back from university. The first was a law essay, for which I got 80. This was so shocking to me that I checked to make sure that they’d given me my own work back and not somebody else’s. This makes me feel more comfortable about messing up the exam a few weeks ago, because I should still come out with an alright mark overall.
The other thing was for Independent Creative Writing, which was a module which is exactly how it sounds. We could do whatever we wanted, and yet somehow I ended up doing something I didn’t really want to do, but that turned out fairly interesting nonetheless. We were sitting in a circle in the very first seminar and the attention turned to me. “What’s your idea?” asked the lecturer. I didn’t have an idea, so blurted out the first thing that came to mind – I’d just read War and Peace and I wanted to write something fictional in a non-fictional setting. It sounded plausible, but I’d rather have written something silly. It’s one of the longer pieces of creative writing I’ve ever done and my heart wasn’t really in it.
I got 63 for it in the end. Ah, what does he know. He’s just a published author and a lecturer in creative writing, after all. Oh. It’s strange, I’m quite disappointed with these two marks and yet if they were the other way around, I’d be ecstatic.
Here’s my piece, anyway.
.
It was September 2004 when I first met Yukio Toriyama.
…..I’d travelled to see her when, in a brief phone call, she revealed that she had a number of letters that had been sent from her husband during the short time he spent in Nanking. While that would have been enough to guarantee my presence, she then mentioned a diary that she’d been given when his possessions were returned to her, and which had, it seems, remained as in tact as the moment he’d written it.
…..“The letters didn’t have the same fate, I’m afraid,” she said as she was showing me into a small living room in the house outside downtown Tokyo that she’d lived in since she was married. She told me that it was his house, originally. It was a cream coloured building on a thin street that wasn’t much wider than the cars that were parked in bays off it. The house was hidden behind a high wall that lined the street, and was on the bottom floor of a stack of two homes.
…..She left me in the living room as she went to fetch tea. A sofa and a small kotatsu with a blue blanket on it were almost the only features in the room, but filled it to a degree that made moving around difficult. The other thing in the room was what caught my eye. A quite low shelf that lined the wall opposite the window and was full of fading black and white photographs in wooden frames. Despite having aged nearly 70 years since some of them were taken, the woman I’d met just minutes ago was still recognisable in the photos in which she appeared. In the centre was a picture of her smiling on her wedding day, next to her new husband. To the left of that, he stood looking serious in his army uniform.
…..“Wasn’t he handsome?” she said from behind me, and I turned to find her standing with two cups of green tea. She handed one to me and we sat on the sofa. “I was just eighteen when we married, but we’d known each other for a long time.”
She told me how he’d been a friend of her father’s and so he was often at their home to see him. As she got older, they became closer and soon he was coming to see her instead. While they’d known each other for a long time, the romance was something of a whirlwind. “I think we both felt that we’d end up being together,” she told me. “We just didn’t realise how soon it would be.
…..“He was told that he’d be going to China in July 1937. . . that was, I think that was early in June that year. He proposed to me right away and I accepted, and we were married a few weeks after that.
…..“Then he was gone.”
…..She fell into a silence for a few minutes after this, and I drank my tea, unwilling to break it. Eventually she sat up straight and simply said “the letters,” before she pulled a small cardboard box from under the kotatsu. There was no lid, and I could see bundles of papers and, on the top, a small book with a black cover.
…..“This is everything he ever sent me, and there’s his diary too,” she said as she pointed to the book. I picked up the diary, and it felt like leather, expensive. I opened the first few pages and the first thing I noticed was the immaculate handwriting. As if she was reading my mind, she said “he was always very careful about his handwriting, even when he was writing something he never thought anybody would see.”
…..I suddenly felt uncomfortable about reading the thoughts that he had intended to keep to himself when he was writing them, and picked up the letter from the top of the box. It was sent in August 1937 while he was still in Shanghai, and there were thick black lines ruled down the page in two places. One towards the middle of the letter, and two at the end where the final two lines had been deleted. In his letter, he spoke of the Imperial Army’s march towards, and their victory over the Chinese in Shanghai, but he sounded almost downbeat about the victory.
…..“I’ve never found out what he was trying to tell me,” she said to me as I was putting the letter carefully back in the box. “I felt that he was unhappy about something, though. Maybe it won’t be much longer before I can ask him.”
…..She got up and left me with the box as she left the room without another word, and after a few minutes I began to read.
Keisuke Toriyama left Shanghai in September 1937 and began marching to Nanking, where he arrived in early December. At the time, the Japanese were still expecting some resistance. He reached a position to the east of the city, and wrote to his wife.
“How are you, Yukio? I am well, there’s nothing to worry about here. We’ve reached Nanking and are just waiting for the order to attack. I can see the walls from where I am, and the tips of the houses. It’s a truly beautiful sight. Remember I told you how much I enjoyed the architecture in Berlin? Nanking is far beyond anything I saw there, and I can’t wait to get inside to see more.
…..“People are saying that the Chinese are trying to negotiate a surrender, which would be the best thing they can do, I think. They couldn’t defend themselves at Shanghai and I don’t believe they’ll be able to do so at Nanking. The fight will be over soon, and I’ll see you in no time at all.”
The passages from his diary of around the same time made no mention of the state of the Chinese forces, but he devoted three pages to describing the Nanking that he could see over the top of the city walls. “I’m currently situated on higher ground around a mile from Nanking,” he wrote. “Above the impressive city wall I can only see rooftops, but what rooftops they are!” He went on to describe one in particular that truly captured his heart.
“What I take from here to be ordinary homes have plain and simple rooftops of black, and occasionally red, though plain is perhaps the wrong word. Elsewhere though, what beauty. A green roof, the colour of leaves just before autumn, towers over the rest in one part of Nanking, and adorns a building almost twice as tall as anything nearby. It slopes upwards to a point and at its corners points out and slightly upwards. The rest of the building is constructed with a plain cream coloured brick, and the roof sits there as if it was placed on top by the hand of a God.
…..“I can only believe that it’s a home of the Premier of all of China.”
It’s impossible to know to which building Toriyama was referring, but it is likely that he had seen a home that had been built as a retreat for Chiang Kai-Shek and his family.
…..While Toriyama was marvelling over the rooftops, Chiang Kai-Shek was escaping on the other side of Nanking. The Chinese were weak and, without a leader, couldn’t negotiate the surrender that Toriyama had expected. Just over a week later, he led his division into Nanking, and met little resistance. In one letter home he was so confused by the lack of resistance that he wrote “why haven’t they just surrendered? What people are left have no will to fight us.”
…..When it was clear that large parts of Nanking were almost empty, Toriyama took up residence in one of those “ordinary homes” with their black and red roofs. He stayed there with his adjutant, Hiro Fujita, who he had considered a friend for many years. They were so close that Hiro had given a speech at Toriyama’s wedding. When I asked Yukio Toriyama later about the adjutant, she told me that that was the only time she ever met him. “I’d never met him before, though Keisuke spoke fondly of him. He gave a wonderful speech at our wedding, and I could see why Keisuke liked him. I supposed that after the war we’d share that bond and become friends, but he moved to the country and never came back. His sister brought me Keisuke’s things and an apology from Hiro that he wasn’t bringing them himself. I think he found it difficult to cope. We all did.”
…..Hiro Fujita died in 1952, aged just 44, but it’s thanks to him that Toriyama’s diary was preserved and that we can learn so much about the time he spent in Nanking.
…..In that house in Nanking, Toriyama’s mood began to change, though you wouldn’t know it from the letters that he sent to his wife. In them, he continues to talk about the beauty that he saw all around Nanking, and shows constant concern for how she is back in Japan. “I’m sorry I had to leave you so soon,” he wrote in one letter. “I hardly had time to show you around my home. I hope you’re settling in okay and that I can make it up to you soon.” In his diary, however, his thoughts about Nanking took on a different tone. In one entry dated four days after his arrival, he commented again on the roofs that he’d looked at from outside town.
“From outside Nanking all I saw was beauty. From inside, all I see is death. The roofs of red and black that had appeared almost pretty from a distance look terrible from within the walls. It is as if the colour has seeped from half the roofs in the city and now it colours the streets and the rivers instead.
…..“Is this what the Emperor wants?
…..“Is this for the good of Japan?”
These sentiments, this worry about what the Emperor would want and whether his actions were for the good of Japan, are themes that reappear constantly throughout his diary, though never quite as plainly and succinctly as they did on that day.
…..We can never be sure whether Toriyama was deliberately lying to his wife, or whether he was simply hiding the real truth from her to protect her. What we can be sure of is that when he wasn’t worrying about Japan, his thoughts were full of worry for his new wife. When I read his letters in conjunction with his diary, though, my feelings are that it was only when he was thinking about his wife’s welfare that he could forget about the horrors he was witnessing around Nanking.
…..There was no getting away from them entirely, though, as he wrote in his diary.
“I was woken this morning by the sound of screaming, but by the time I opened my eyes it was gone. I can’t be sure now if I heard it or if the sound had come from within a dream to wake me. Regardless, I was up.”
There was simply no escape. What did he say to his wife in a letter that was dated on the same day? “I write to you in the morning, the sun is bright in the sky but it’s very cold here. How is it there? Are you well?” he wrote. The substance of his letter concerned his uniform which he had been sleeping in, since he had no sheets to cover himself with at night. “It is becoming quite damaged,” he wrote. “I have already lost a button and it is beginning to fray in several places. I have called for a tailor but I am not sure when I might hear from him.”
…..For Yukio, this was what war must have been like. It’s not unreasonable for her to have thought this. Her husband’s letters combined with the Japanese propaganda she must surely have encountered daily, mean that there was no reason to believe that the Japanese war effort was not running smoothly. For most in the Imperial Japanese Army, it was.
…..As a captain of a division, it should have been smooth for Toriyama, who must have been looking at plaudits and promotions for his role in the successful invasion of China’s capital – something that Japan had long desired. Instead, being a captain added its own pressures and seemed to darken his mood.
“Today I received orders signed off by Prince Asaka. According to them, we are to treat the Chinese ‘like dogs,’ and this is the attitude I am to instil in my men. By this, he means that we should have no respect for the Chinese who were so important to the formation of life in Japan. I am unsure what he wants us to do to these ‘dogs’ but I know that I wouldn’t treat a dog in this manner.
…..“And yet this is what I’m expected to force my men to do, men who I thought I had known yet have surprised me since their arrival here in how cruel they can be, and how much they seem to enjoy it. I sometimes wonder if I am wrong. If maybe I should be looking to my men for guidance instead of worrying about guiding them.
…..“I cannot make them stop. It has gone too far and I am not in control of them anymore. What use to the Imperial Army is a captain with no men?”
Keisuke Toriyama left his home on December 26th 1937 on what he believed would be a routine patrol. His feelings towards what he would see around the city had become dull by now and the reports in his diary of what he was seeing became more matter of fact as the days went on. He notes that he “saw a body with two bullet holes in its back, lying face down in the road opposite [his] house.” The way in which he refers to the body as “it” is a great departure from how he had expressed a similar finding just a week previously.
“There was a body in the road on the way to the bridge. He had been shot in the back as he had tried to run away from whoever it was that shot him, and yet still he was shot. There was nothing he could have done to prevent his death and yet there was surely nothing he did to provoke it, other than the obvious. He was a ‘dog.’”
That earlier passage sees the victim as a human, where later the body he had seen had ceased to be such. It had become a thing. He had continued his patrol that day when he approached a pit, opposite which he could see the Chinese being lined up with their backs to the hole.
“Four of our soldiers were standing with a Chinese boy of around twelve years. A man and a woman who I took to be his mother and father were struggling to get to him. They were knocked to the floor with the butt of a gun and then made to stand one in front of the other in front of the pit. A sword was placed in the boy’s hands and held there, and he could offer little resistance as two soldiers forced him forwards until he had speared both of his parents, who fell backwards in to the pit. Killing his parents was the boy’s last act on this earth, as he was then thrown (alive) in to the pit after them before a soldier jumped in after him and returned with a bloodied bayonet.
…..“I was sick by a tree, and left before my presence was seen.”
This was Toriyama’s final entry about the things he had witnessed in Nanking. From the buildings he had written about from afar, to the people he had written about within and the turmoil he’d faced in his internal struggle between the Imperial Army and his own thoughts. The final entry sounds like it was intended to be a final entry.
“I am giving my diary to Fujita with the desire that he may deliver it to you, Yukio, if anything were to happen to me. I have no doubt that if I was to send it to you, it would not reach you in the same condition it is in now as I am sure many of my letters do not. Please know that I am sorry and that you shall be okay without me. I truly hope that you never experience anything such as I have experienced here, the destruction of a beautiful city and all within it for the good of nobody and nothing.”
Keisuke Toriyama’s diary ends with a poem.
In glory I did this
In glory I watched thisFor Him I have done this
And for Her I would do it again
Coming back
So that She never suffers this fateI will die with honour
and with all that that means
There then follows simply a number of blank pages. He never wrote in the diary again and it is believed that the day of that entry was the day on which he died.
…..I returned the letters and the diary to their box and returned them to Yukio. We didn’t discuss their contents as, knowing them, I felt that the conversation would be too painful on both of our parts. I simply thanked her for letting me in to her life, and in to the life of her husband.
I went away feeling that I had some understanding of Keisuke Toriyama and the reason for his death, twelve years after first finding out about his existence.
…..It happened in tiny room in a hospital in Shanghai. We were with my grandfather on his deathbed, and he told us that he was worried at what the court underground would make of his life when it came to be time for him to be judged. None of us knew what he was talking about. We had known that he was born in Nanking and that he had lived a large part of his life there, but we did not know much more than that of his past. When, if ever, the subject was raised in his presence, he would leave the room and sit in the garden alone in meditation.
…..Quite out of the blue, he said “I have killed a man.” Of course, we were all shocked but at the same time we all connected the dots and realised that whatever happened must have happened back in Nanking. He began to cry and everyone but me left the room to give him some space, and to give him some dignity in his final hours. I stayed because, through his tears, he asked me to stay. I didn’t say anything to him, just sat with him until he was ready to speak, and to tell me whatever it was that was troubling him.
…..We sat there with just the sounds of the machines that were keeping him alive between us. In the silence I imagined him trying to regulate his heartbeat to make the machine transmit Morse code so that he didn’t have to explain it to me himself. Eventually he did speak.
“It was in Nanking,” he said. Just the name of the place was enough, the time it happened was implied. “I lived there with your grandmother and your aunt who was four years old at the time. Your father didn’t come for a few more years, yet.” I had known this already, of course, but he seemed to want to start at the very beginning. I think that at the time he was almost preparing a defence, in a way. When he was being judged he would be ready to explain his actions.
…..“We hadn’t managed to escape with the rest of Nanking as we had a young child and no money,” he went on. “We heard about what was happening in our city. We could see it with our own eyes, sometimes, but we didn’t leave the house and nobody ever came looking for us so we were safe. Well,” he laughed weakly, “not safe, of course, but we thought that we might be able to get through it. Your grandmother and I both hoped that the Japanese would get bored, or that the violence would calm down when the city was secure and they went on their way somewhere else.” He stopped as if expecting some response from me, but all I could manage was to ask what happened next.
“It was a few weeks in to the battle,” he said. I’d never heard him talking about Nanking before and I’d never found out what his thoughts on it were. When he called it a battle, it encapsulated all of that in a second. For me, someone who didn’t experience it, Nanking was an occupation, an invasion. All I’d ever been taught about it was how the Japanese entered the city after the Chinese escaped, and then about the atrocities that happened after that. To my grandfather, Nanking was a battle. I wanted to ask him more but he was already continuing. “Your grandmother and I were in the kitchen washing your aunt in the sink when a brick smashed through the window. She grabbed your aunt and dived to the side and I ducked down to avoid it but was covered in shattered glass. We just stayed there for a moment, neither of us could believe how close that was, and we didn’t know what to expect next.
…..“Then there was another crash, and three Japanese soldiers burst in to the kitchen from outside.” He started to cry again here, and I was very shortly to learn the real reason why he was worried about his judgement. I don’t think he was concerned that he had killed a man, because he must have known that it was him or that man, and that he had no choice. Something else was bothering him. “Where I had ducked down, there was a table between me and these men and I knew they had not noticed me. Your grandmother, remember, had jumped the other way, and they saw her right away. I should have gone to her but I couldn’t protect her from three Japanese soldiers. They had guns, and knives. They would have killed me. What use would I be to my family if they killed me? But what use would my life be if they killed them? I didn’t know what to do and so I did nothing. I just prayed in silence. I didn’t have a choice. That was what I was trying to tell myself even though at the time all I could think was ‘you coward, your family needs you, help them.’”
…..Suddenly I felt like I was watching a film, and that we had just come to the most tense part. It was strange, though, because I already knew the ending. I knew that both my grandfather and my grandmother survived the battle, as he called it, and I knew that my aunt survived too. She died before I was born, but I knew that it hadn’t happened here, unless it was something that had been kept from me. Maybe it really was just like a film, you always know the hero is going to win, somehow, however hopeless it looks. I just wasn’t sure if I was ready to hear about what made the Japanese soldiers go away because at that moment, all sorts of possibilities were running through my mind. I don’t wish to recount any of them.
…..My grandfather was silent, and his eyes still watered. “Are you okay?” I asked him. “Do you need a nurse?”
…..“I’m fine,” he said, though of course he wasn’t. Aside from the distress of his story, he was dying before my eyes. Regardless, he continued his story as if it was the only thing he had left to do. “I could see her face from where I was, I could see the fear. She was staring at them and she was holding your aunt’s head straight so that she was looking at them too. She was holding it so she couldn’t look at me. While I should have been protecting them, they were keeping me hidden. They were protecting me.” There were tears in my eyes right at that moment. “I could see the soldier’s legs from where I was, and they started to move towards my family and I knew I couldn’t sit here any longer, but as soon as I resolved to get up there was shouting in Japanese from outside the room, and the men turned to look at it.”
…..This is when he encountered Keisuke Toriyama, although he didn’t know his name and he never made an effort to find out what it was. Not because he didn’t regret what he did to Toriyama, but because it wouldn’t change anything. Perhaps it sounds terrible, but I don’t think my grandfather wanted to humanise Toriyama. It’s impossible to know for certain.
…..My grandfather was struggling for words, now, and was stuttering not through tears but through weakness. “After the shouting, the three soldiers left and I thought that maybe we were okay now, but then the fourth soldier came in. He staggered in, like he was drunk. I thought he must have been a commander because of how he had made the other three go away, but he did not act like one. And he was a mess. His jacket wasn’t buttoned, it was falling apart, and his hair was messy. He had not shaved for some time.
…..“The first thing he did when he came in was to notice me there, and smile at me. I couldn’t translate the smile at all. Then he turned to my family and began to approach them and there was no point in hiding any more. I picked up a large shard of glass from the broken window next to me and jumped up and drove it in to his gut. He fell backwards on to the wall and slid down until he was sitting. He looked at me again and smiled again and said ‘thank you’ in the most perfect Cantonese I’ve ever heard from a foreigner.”
…..“Thank you?” I asked.
…..“Yes. I didn’t want to know why. I just left him there and took your grandmother and your aunt and we ran. I can’t remember how we escaped the city but we never went back there. Not once.”
…..“He thanked you?” I asked again. I wasn’t able to get my head around it at all, why would he have said thank you?
…..“He thanked me, and he was smiling. I never got to find out why because that was the last thing he ever said.”
And that was the last thing my grandfather ever said, as he died shortly afterwards, hopefully ready for his judgement. I couldn’t let it go, though. Who was this man? Why had he thanked my grandfather with his final words? I began my quest to find him.
Posted by Matt